Human Lung Non-Invasive Anomaly Detection through UWB Microwave Imaging and Diagnosis of COVID-19: A Possible Application

This study shows a prototype for detecting lung effects using microwave imaging. Continuous monitoring of pulmonary fluid levels is one of the most successful approaches for detecting fluid in the lung;early Chest X-rays, computational tomography (CT)-scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most commonly used instruments for fluid detection. Nonetheless, they lack sensitivity to ionizing radiation and are inaccessible to the general public. This research focuses on the development of a low-cost, portable, and noninvasive device for detecting Covid-19 or lung damage. The simulation of the system involved the antenna design, a 3D model of the human lung, the building of a COMSOL model, and image processing to estimate the lung damage percentage. The simulation consisted of three components. The primary element requires mode switching for four array antennas (transmit and receive). In the paper, microwave tomography was used. Using microwave near-field imaging, the second component of the simulation analyses the lung's bioheat and electromagnetic waves as well as examines the image creation under various conditions;many electromagnetic factors seen at the receiving device are investigated. The final phase of the simulation shows the affected area of the lung phantom and the extent of the damage. © 2023 IEEE.

Modified Ebola based image optimization algorithm for secure image transmission

Steganographic technique is a way of hiding confidential data that needs to be protected from unauthorized users and also no suspicion should be there that the cover image is carrying the secret information. Therefore, in steganography technique it is critical to have an algorithm that can hide information securely and uses best combination of techniques. In this research the 2 main factors are considered i.e., payload capacity and stego-image quality. In this model different techniques have been hybridised and those are DWT, Huffman Encoding and Ebola optimisation technique. These combinational techniques work on both capacity and image quality. In this database of Covid-19 patients is used as the confidential data and the results that this model has performed better than the existing ones. © 2022 IEEE.

Study of UWB Near Field Microwave Imaging System for the Diagnosis of Lungs Damage Due to Fluid Accumulations

Lung damages, which is the leading cause of cancer and Covid-19 related death worldwide, can be better treated, and patients' chances of survival increased with early detection and diagnosis. PET (positron emission tomography), cone beam CT, Low dose helical CT, are advanced lung imaging techniques that allow for early diagnosis of smaller pulmonary nodules than normal chest radiography, but with ionizing radiation effect and being costly. In the field of imaging technology, microwave imaging has long been researched in the field of breast and brain. This study presents a review, conducts a feasibility study, and validates the concept of imaging the lungs in a similar manner to the breast and brain. The analysis includes designing a 3D human lung model, microwaves' various elements and factors inspection through the human body using holographic near field imaging, and image processing to estimate the percentage of lung damage. The safety and ionization exposure were also taken into consideration during the overall experiment. The use of microwave energy in various lung diseases is examined, and the basis for fluid detection utilizing microwave water content accumulation is also addressed compared to normal tissues. © 2022 IEEE.

Human Body-Related Disease Diagnosis Systems Using CMOS Image Sensors: A Systematic Review.

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the average human life expectancy is 78.8 years. Specifically, 3.2 million deaths are reported yearly due to heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and COVID-19. Diagnosing the disease is mandatory in the current way of living to avoid unfortunate deaths and maintain average life expectancy. CMOS image sensor (CIS) became a prominent technology in assisting the monitoring and clinical diagnosis devices to treat diseases in the medical domain. To address the significance of CMOS image 'sensors' usage in disease diagnosis systems, this paper focuses on the CIS incorporated disease diagnosis systems related to vital organs of the human body like the heart, lungs, brain, eyes, intestines, bones, skin, blood, and bacteria cells causing diseases. This literature survey's main objective is to evaluate the 'systems' capabilities and highlight the most potent ones with advantages, disadvantages, and accuracy, that are used in disease diagnosis. This systematic review used PRISMA workflow for study selection methodology, and the parameter-based evaluation is performed on disease diagnosis systems related to the human body's organs. The corresponding CIS models used in systems are mapped organ-wise, and the data collected over the last decade are tabulated.

Impact of COVID-19 on keratoconus patients waiting for corneal cross linking.

PURPOSE: Royal College of Ophthalmologist recent guidance recommended delaying cross-linking services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the effects of such delays in the delivery of cross-linking services in patients with keratoconus progression. METHODS: Retrospective observational study of 46 patients with keratoconus progression, whose cross-linking was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic and clinical details were obtained from assessments on the day of listing, and subsequent review on the day of the procedure. Topographic indices included keratometry of the posterior and anterior corneal surface, maximum keratometry (Kmax), thinnest corneal thickness, ABCD progression and progression based on standard criteria recommendations (1.5 D Kmax & 20 microns thinning). RESULTS: A total of 46 eyes were analysed with an average time between being listed for CXL and having the procedure done was 182 ± 65 days. The delay due to COVID-19 was of 3 months. In this time period they had a significant worsening of all keratometric indices and lost almost one line of visual acuity (0.19 ± 0.19 to 0.26 ± 0.18 LogMAR, p: 0.03). Thirty two eyes (70%) demonstrated progression in accordance with the ABCD progression criteria, while 18 eyes (39%) showed either an increase in Kmax of more than 1.5D or a thinning in corneal thickness of at least 20 µm. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment delay for the keratoconus patients caused further progression and vision worsening. We recommend that corneal collagen crosslinking needs to be considered as a high priority intervention.